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Holy Roman Empire Collection

The Holy Roman Empire, a vast and complex entity that spanned over a thousand years, holds a significant place in European history

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546). German religious reformer. Luther defends himself before Holy Roman

MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546). German religious reformer. Luther defends himself before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet in Worms, 17-18 April 1521. Line engraving, 19th century

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Map of Europe at the time of the Third Crusade, 1190, from Historical Atlas

Map of Europe at the time of the Third Crusade, 1190, from Historical Atlas
KW342818 Map of Europe at the time of the Third Crusade, 1190, from Historical Atlas, published by W. & A.K. Johnston Limited, 1911 (colour litho) by English School

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: PROY2A-00017

PROY2A-00017
Map of Europe in the time of Charlemagne, 768-814 AD. Printed color lithograph, 19th century

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: MAP OF EUROPE, 12th CENTURY. A 19th century map of Europe as it was politically constituted in

MAP OF EUROPE, 12th CENTURY. A 19th century map of Europe as it was politically constituted in the 12th century

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Charlemagne - the first Holy Roman Emperor, published in 1868

Charlemagne - the first Holy Roman Emperor, published in 1868
Charlemagne (Charles the Great, Latin: Carolus Magnus, possibly 742 - 814), King of the Franks from 768 on and Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) from 800 to his death in 814

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Scene from Song of Roland

Scene from Song of Roland
Roland blowing his warhorn in battle against the Saracens at Roncesvalle, 789 AD. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: CONSTANTINE CONVERSION. Conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I (280)

CONSTANTINE CONVERSION. Conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I (280?-337) at the Milvian Bridge in 312: steel engraving, American, 1869

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Christ, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and Empress Theophano. Ivory, 10th century

Christ, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and Empress Theophano. Ivory, 10th century
BYZANTINE ART. Christ, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and Empress Theophano. Ivory, 10th century

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: CHARLEMAGNE (742-814). King of the Franks, 768-814, and Emperor of the West, 800-814

CHARLEMAGNE (742-814). King of the Franks, 768-814, and Emperor of the West, 800-814. Wood engraving, German, 19th century, after a painting, c1512, by Albrecht Durer

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: The Empire of Charlemagne (742-814) from Le Nouveau Theatre du Monde

The Empire of Charlemagne (742-814) from Le Nouveau Theatre du Monde
CHT165851 The Empire of Charlemagne (742-814) from Le Nouveau Theatre du Monde, 1639 (coloured engraving) by Hondius, Hendrik I (1573-p.1649); Archives du Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Paris

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Frederick III and Leonora of Portugal in Rome, 1452. Artist: Giovanni di Ser Giovanni

Frederick III and Leonora of Portugal in Rome, 1452. Artist: Giovanni di Ser Giovanni, (Lo Scheggia) (1406-1486)
Frederick III and Leonora of Portugal in Rome, 1452. Found in the collection of the Worcester Art Museum

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: HENRY IV (1050-1106). King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-1106

HENRY IV (1050-1106). King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-1106. Illuminations from the 12th century chronicle of Otto of Freising showing, at top, Emperor Henry IV and his anti-pope

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: HENRY IV (1050-1106). King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-1106

HENRY IV (1050-1106). King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-1106. Copper engraving, French, 18th century

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8918100

8918100

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Francis II In the theatre lodge, 1930 (lithograph)

Francis II In the theatre lodge, 1930 (lithograph)
8915450 Francis II In the theatre lodge, 1930 (lithograph) by Kriehuber, Josef Nikolaus (1800-76); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: In the theatre / theater Lodge)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, 1930 (lithograph)

Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, 1930 (lithograph)
8915579 Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, 1930 (lithograph) by Austrian School, (19th century); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917595

8917595

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917594

8917594

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917581

8917581

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916825

8916825

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916781

8916781

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)

Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)
8916054 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print) by Unknown artist, (18th century); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Charles VII)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916716

8916716

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916714

8916714

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8919399

8919399

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8918465

8918465

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917579

8917579

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916841

8916841

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916821

8916821

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916817

8916817

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916794

8916794

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916785

8916785

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)

Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)
8916056 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print) by Unknown artist, (18th century); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Charles VII)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916713

8916713

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916693

8916693

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916679

8916679

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916666

8916666

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916665

8916665

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916633

8916633

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Frederic II of Prussia, 1770 (watercolour)

Frederic II of Prussia, 1770 (watercolour)
8914693 Frederic II of Prussia, 1770 (watercolour) by Unknown artist, (18th century); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Frederic II of Prussia)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917616

8917616

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8917589

8917589

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916783

8916783

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)

Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print)
8916068 Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (print) by Unknown artist, (18th century); Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Charles VII)

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916770

8916770

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916718

8916718

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916717

8916717

Background imageHoly Roman Empire Collection: 8916711

8916711



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The Holy Roman Empire, a vast and complex entity that spanned over a thousand years, holds a significant place in European history. From its origins as the successor to the Western Roman Empire to its eventual dissolution in 1806, this empire witnessed numerous political, religious, and military events that shaped the continent. One of the most pivotal moments occurred during Martin Luther's defense before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet in Worms in 1521. The German religious reformer challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sparked what would become known as the Protestant Reformation. To understand the context of Luther's actions, it is essential to examine Europe during earlier periods. A map from Historical Atlas reveals how Europe looked during the Third Crusade in 1190 when Christian forces sought to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. This map provides insight into geopolitical dynamics at play during that time. Another map depicts Europe as it was politically constituted in the 12th century. This visual representation helps us comprehend how different regions were organized under various rulers' dominion. Moving forward through history, we encounter key events such as sieges and wars that impacted both Germany and Europe as a whole. The Siege of Magdeburg during the Thirty Years War in 1631 serves as an example of conflict within this expansive empire. Examining artistic depictions also sheds light on influential figures within this realm. An ivory carving showcases Christ alongside Holy Roman Emperor Otto II and Empress Theophano from the 10th century—an image illustrating religion intertwined with imperial power. Additionally, representations of Charlemagne provide insights into his reign as King of Franks (768-814) and Emperor of West (800-814). These portrayals range from wood engravings based on Albrecht Durer's painting to maps showcasing his extensive empire. Other notable individuals who left their mark include Frederick III and Leonora of Portugal depicted by Giovanni di Ser Giovanni in 1452.